Integración de imágenes biomédicas : técnicas basadas en teoría de la información

Resumen Esta Tesis Doctoral profundiza en los métodos de registro de estudios multimodales (anatómicos y funcionales) de animales de laboratorio mediante técnicas basadas en teoría de la información. Se realiza un análisis de la influencia de los parámetros del algoritmo de registro, así como una validación sistemática de los resultados. Para poder evaluar el funcionamiento de los métodos de registro basados en teoría de la información, se presentan una serie de estudios patrón que se registran gracias a un conjunto de marcadores externos. En estos estudios se calcula la precisión del registro que se consigue por medio de los marcadores, validando el diseño y configuración de éstos. Se evalúa la convergencia y precisión de los algoritmos de registro, y su dependencia de diversos factores (desalineamiento inicial y parámetros del algoritmo), por medio de un diseño experimental que permite una validación sistemática. Los resultados permiten cuantificar la influencia de los factores en el resultado. Dado que los métodos descritos en esta Tesis Doctoral tienen como principal limitación el desalineamiento inicial máximo que son capaces de resolver, se propone un método basado en los ejes principales y los centros de masas de las imágenes, para prealinear los estudios. Utilizando este método se consigue mejorar el comportamiento de los algoritmos automáticos, consiguiendo un porcentaje de éxitos para las transformaciones evaluadas cercano al 100%. Finalmente, todos los algoritmos desarrollados y utilizados en esta Tesis Doctoral se encuentran integrados dentro de una interfaz de adquisición, reconstrucción, visualización y análisis denominada MMWKS, específicamente diseñada para estudios de animales de laboratorio. De esta forma los usuarios de este tipo de dispositivos pueden integrar la información proveniente de distintas modalidades con facilidad. Abstract The main topic of this PhD Thesis is multimodality (anatomical and functional) image registration of small animal studies, using information theory based techniques. The influence of algorithm parameters in the result and a systematic validation of these methods are also addressed. A set of reference studies are presented in order to evaluate the behavior of information theory based registration algorithms. These studies are registered using external references. The accuracy of the registration calculated from these markers is obtained, and allows validating their design and configuration. Since the methods described in this PhD Thesis have the initial misalignment they are able to solve as principal limitation, a method to pre-align the studies is proposed. This method is based in the principal axes transformation. By using this previous step, the results form automatic algorithms are improved, reaching a percentage of successful registrations near to 100%. Finally, algorithms developed and used in this PhD Thesis are part of a specific user interface named MMWKS. This software is designed to acquire, reconstruct, visualize and analyze small animal studies. By using the software developed, the users of small animal imaging devices can integrate information from different modalities easily

Effect of partial volume modeling, use anatmical templates, and bias-field correction on the repeatability of MRI regional volume quantification

[Abstract] 11th Annual Meeting of the Organization for Human Brain Mapping, June 2005, Toronto, CanadaThe aim of this work is to measure the repeatability of different segmentation strategies on regional volume estimates. We choose to focus on three possible alternatives of the most widely used segmentation method, the EM algoritIun. Thus, we have obtained regional volumetric data using raw EM, EM with PVE modeling, and EM using anatomical templates. To account for the most common sources of error, tIlese methods have been evaluated under different conditions of patient positioning, MR scarmer, and bias field correctionSupported in part by: TIC (2001-3697-C03-03), FIS (02/1178,0213095), Red TeITk'ltica 1M3 G031185Publicad

ABANICCO: A New Color Space for Multi-Label Pixel Classification and Color Analysis

Classifying pixels according to color, and segmenting the respective areas, are necessary steps in any computer vision task that involves color images. The gap between human color perception, linguistic color terminology, and digital representation are the main challenges for developing methods that properly classify pixels based on color. To address these challenges, we propose a novel method combining geometric analysis, color theory, fuzzy color theory, and multi-label systems for the automatic classification of pixels into 12 conventional color categories, and the subsequent accurate description of each of the detected colors. This method presents a robust, unsupervised, and unbiased strategy for color naming, based on statistics and color theory. The proposed model, "ABANICCO" (AB ANgular Illustrative Classification of COlor), was evaluated through different experiments: its color detection, classification, and naming performance were assessed against the standardized ISCC-NBS color system; its usefulness for image segmentation was tested against state-of-the-art methods. This empirical evaluation provided evidence of ABANICCO's accuracy in color analysis, showing how our proposed model offers a standardized, reliable, and understandable alternative for color naming that is recognizable by both humans and machines. Hence, ABANICCO can serve as a foundation for successfully addressing a myriad of challenges in various areas of computer vision, such as region characterization, histopathology analysis, fire detection, product quality prediction, object description, and hyperspectral imaging.This research was funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacción y Universidades, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, under grant PID2019-109820RB, MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) "A way of making Europe" to A.M.-B. and L.N.-S.Publicad

Quasi pseudo-inverse reconstruction for rotating PET scanners

Proceeding of: 2005 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Puerto Rico, 23-29 Oct. 2005A new reconstruction strategy is proposed for 3D images acquired with rotating PET scanners. This method is based on the decomposition of the System Response Matrix (SRM) into a projection and a rotation components that are inverted independently. We present the rationale of the new reconstruction procedure as well as some examples to compare with analytical 3D reconstruction (3DRP) and 3D statistical reconstruction (3D-OSEM)Part of this work is founded by the IM3 network (G03/185 Ministerio de Sanidad), with grants from the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, project TEC2004 07052 C02 01, and Ministerio de Industria, Turismo y Comercio project FIT 330101 2004

Evaluation of optical tracking and augmented reality for needle navigation in sacral nerve stimulation

Background and objective: Sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) is a minimally invasive procedure where an electrode lead is implanted through the sacral foramina to stimulate the nerve modulating colonic and urinary functions. One of the most crucial steps in SNS procedures is the placement of the tined lead close to the sacral nerve. However, needle insertion is very challenging for surgeons. Several x-ray projections are required to interpret the needle position correctly. In many cases, multiple punctures are needed, causing an increase in surgical time and patient's discomfort and pain. In this work we propose and evaluate two different navigation systems to guide electrode placement in SNS surgeries designed to reduce surgical time, minimize patient discomfort and improve surgical outcomes. Methods: We developed, for the first alternative, an open-source navigation software to guide electrode placement by real-time needle tracking with an optical tracking system (OTS). In the second method, we present a smartphone-based AR application that displays virtual guidance elements directly on the affected area, using a 3D printed reference marker placed on the patient. This guidance facilitates needle insertion with a predefined trajectory. Both techniques were evaluated to determine which one obtained better results than the current surgical procedure. To compare the proposals with the clinical method, we developed an x-ray software tool that calculates a digitally reconstructed radiograph, simulating the fluoroscopy acquisitions during the procedure. Twelve physicians (inexperienced and experienced users) performed needle insertions through several specific targets to evaluate the alternative SNS guidance methods on a realistic patient-based phantom. Results: With each navigation solution, we observed that users took less average time to complete each insertion (36.83 s and 44.43 s for the OTS and AR methods, respectively) and needed fewer average punctures to reach the target (1.23 and 1.96 for the OTS and AR methods respectively) than following the standard clinical method (189.28 s and 3.65 punctures). Conclusions: To conclude, we have shown two navigation alternatives that could improve surgical outcome by significantly reducing needle insertions, surgical time and patient's pain in SNS procedures. We believe that these solutions are feasible to train surgeons and even replace current SNS clinical procedures.Research supported by projects PI18/01625 and AC20/00102 (Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer and European Regional Development Fund "Una manera de hacer Europa"), IND2018/TIC-9753 (Comunidad de Madrid) and project PerPlanRT (ERA Permed). Funding for APC: Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (Read & Publish Agreement CRUE-CSIC 2022)

Cuantificación del infarto de miocardio en imágenes PET mediante mapas polares

Actas de: XXVIII Congreso Anual de la Sociedad Española de Ingeniería Biomédica (CASEIB 2010). Madrid, 24-26 de noviembre de 2010.El análisis de la imagen de miocardio en cardiología nuclear es una herramienta muy importante para la valoración de la enfermedad coronaria, dado que permite la cuantificación objetiva de la extensión y de la intensidad del infarto de miocardio. En este trabajo se presenta una herramienta que permite realizar dicha cuantificación mediante el uso de mapas polares tanto estáticos como dinámicos, resultantes del análisis de la imagen PET que se viene realizando en los pacientes. Esta aproximación es una alternativa que permite la visualización integral del infarto en vez de requerir una segmentación (manual o asistida) de todas las rodajas tomográficas que componen el estudio.Este trabajo ha sido financiado por los proyectos del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, TEC2007-64731, TEC 2008-06715-C02-1, la RETIC-RECAVA del Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, y el programa ARTEMIS S2009/DPI-1802 de la Comunidad de Madrid.Publicad

Preliminary results of the small animal rotational positron emisson tomography scanner

[Abstract] AMI Annual Conference 2004, March 27-31, Orlando, FloridaThis contribution reports preliminary results of a high-resolution small animal positron emission tomography (PET) based on pairs of opposed scintillation rotating detectors working in time coincidencePublicad

Validation of SPM analysis of visual activation in rat brain pet studies

[Abstract] AMI Annual Conference 2004, March 27-31, Orlando, FloridaStatistical parametric mapping (SPM) is used to detect subtle activity changes in brain not requiring a priori assumptions about the expected activations. We adapt the methodology for analyzing rat brain positron emission tomography (PET) scansPublicad

Real-time integration between Microsoft HoloLens 2 and 3D Slicer with demonstration in pedicle screw placement planning

We established a direct communication channel between Microsoft HoloLens 2 and 3D Slicer to exchange transform and image messages between the platforms in real time. This allows us to seamlessly display a CT reslice of a patient in the AR world.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. Research supported by projects PI122/00601 and AC20/00102 (Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer and European Regional Development Fund “Una manera de hacer Europa”), project PerPlanRT (ERA Permed), TED2021-129392B-I00 and TED2021-132200B-I00 (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and European Union “NextGenerationEU”/PRTR) and EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme Conex plus UC3M (grant agreement 801538). APC funded by Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (Read & Publish Agreement CRUE-CSIC 2023)

Initial results of the explore vista small-animal positron emission tomography/computed tomography

[Abstract] The second International conference of the European Society for Molecular Imaging in Naples, Italy June 14-15, 2007Publicad